Barlovento: Ladera de un monte orientada hacia los vientos                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            predominantes  y en la que la humedad y, por tanto, la vegetación                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 , es mayor. En España y, en general, en las zonas templadas de la                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 tierra, son las orientadas al osete. Ciclón: Masa de aire ascendente en                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                la que el aire circula en dirección contraria a las agujas del reloj, con                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             presión atmosférica inferior a los 1013 milibares. También lo llamamos                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  depresión o borrasca. Predominan en las estaciones intermedias.
Clima: Sucesión de tipo de tiempo que tienden a repetirse con                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 regularidad en ciclos anuales. Normalmente, se observan y mides los                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                elementos del clima a lo largo de 30 años.Continentalidad: Amplitud                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       térmica mayor y reducción de las precipitaciones debida a la lejanía de                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            las masas de agua. EnEspaña existen en todo el interior peninsular,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               menos en el valle del Guadalquivir.

Corriente en chorro: Fenómeno atmosférico planetario                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             consistente en una corriente de aire muy fría a gran velocidad y altitud                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           sobre las regiones templadas de la tierra en el contacto entre las masas                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          de aire polar y tropical. Su velocidad y dirección varían de forma                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   periódica y se desplaza latitudinalmente hacia el norte en verano y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    hacia el sur en invierno.Efecto Föhn: Del nombre alemán de un viento                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                seco y cálido propio de los Alpes bávaros, que se produce, al                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  condenarse la humedad del aire ascendente en las laderas de barlovento                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           y resecarse al descender por sotavento.Efecto orográfico: Modificación                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         de un fenómenos introducida por el viento. Normalmente utilizamos estos                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       términos para referirnos al aumento de las precipitaciones en barlovento y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      conforme ascendemos en altitud. Elementos del clima: Parámetros físicos                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       que definen el ambiente atmosférico, tales como temperatura, precipitaciones                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 , humedad del aire, presión. nubosidad, insolación, etc.

Erosión: Proceso de destrucción del relieve resultado de agentes tales como                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    los cambios de temperatura, el agua, el viento, etc.Evaporación: Paso de un                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   líquido al estado de vapor al escaparse moléculas por efecto del calor.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Evapotranspiración: Suma total de la pérdida de agua desde la tierra por                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      evaporación y por liberación de agua desde las hojas de los vegetales.
Factores del clima: Fenómenos y condiciones que determinan el valor de los                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                elementos del clima, como la latitud, altitud, radiación, relieve, etc.